235 research outputs found
Barycenters of Natural Images -- Constrained Wasserstein Barycenters for Image Morphing
Image interpolation, or image morphing, refers to a visual transition between
two (or more) input images. For such a transition to look visually appealing,
its desirable properties are (i) to be smooth; (ii) to apply the minimal
required change in the image; and (iii) to seem "real", avoiding unnatural
artifacts in each image in the transition. To obtain a smooth and
straightforward transition, one may adopt the well-known Wasserstein Barycenter
Problem (WBP). While this approach guarantees minimal changes under the
Wasserstein metric, the resulting images might seem unnatural. In this work, we
propose a novel approach for image morphing that possesses all three desired
properties. To this end, we define a constrained variant of the WBP that
enforces the intermediate images to satisfy an image prior. We describe an
algorithm that solves this problem and demonstrate it using the sparse prior
and generative adversarial networks
University centers for the study of public policy: Organizational viability
The central problems of creating and maintaining a university center for the study of public policy stem from the inherently interdisciplinary nature of the policy design process and the tensions in academic circles between âpureâ and âappliedâ research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45446/1/11077_2005_Article_BF01404904.pd
How CrossâExamination on Subjectivity and Bias Affects Jurorsâ Evaluations of Forensic Science Evidence
Contextual bias has been widely discussed as a possible problem in forensic science. The trial simulation experiment reported here examined reactions of jurors at a county courthouse to crossâexamination and arguments about contextual bias in a hypothetical case. We varied whether the key prosecution witness (a forensic odontologist) was crossâexamined about the subjectivity of his interpretations and about his exposure to potentially biasing taskâirrelevant information. Jurors found the expert less credible and were less likely to convict when the expert admitted that his interpretation rested on subjective judgment, and when he admitted having been exposed to potentially biasing taskâirrelevant contextual information (relative to when these issues were not raised by the lawyers). The findings suggest, however, that forensic scientists can immunize themselves against such challenges and maximize the weight jurors give their evidence by adopting context management procedures that blind them to taskâirrelevant information
Cheminformatics Research at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics Cambridge.
The Centre for Molecular Informatics, formerly Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics (UCMSI), at the University of Cambridge is a world-leading driving force in the field of cheminformatics. Since its opening in 2000 more than 300 scientific articles have fundamentally changed the field of molecular informatics. The Centre has been a key player in promoting open chemical data and semantic access. Though mainly focussing on basic research, close collaborations with industrial partners ensured real world feedback and access to high quality molecular data. A variety of tools and standard protocols have been developed and are ubiquitous in the daily practice of cheminformatics. Here, we present a retrospective of cheminformatics research performed at the UCMSI, thereby highlighting historical and recent trends in the field as well as indicating future directions.J. E. F thanks the Medical Research Council for funding (Grant Number MR/K020919/1). Furthermore, the UCMSI acknowledges all funding sources for continuous support over the past 15 years.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/minf.201400166/abstract
Advances in Microbial Biofilm Prevention on Indwelling Medical Devices with Emphasis on Usage of Acoustic Energy
Microbial biofilms are a major impediment to the use of indwelling medical devices, generating device-related infections with high morbidity and mortality. Major efforts directed towards preventing and eradicating the biofilm problem face difficulties because biofilms protect themselves very effectively by producing a polysaccharide coating, reducing biofilm sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. Techniques applied to combating biofilms have been primarily chemical. These have met with partial and limited success rates, leading to current trends of eradicating biofilms through physico-mechanical strategies. Here we review the different approaches that have been developed to control biofilm formation and removal, focusing on the utilization of acoustic energy to achieve these objectives
Roadmap on label-free super-resolution imaging
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles that need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the label-free imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability that are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field
Roadmap on Label-Free Super-resolution Imaging
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles that need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the label-free imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability that are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.Peer reviewe
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